A fundamental relation in geometry: the square of the hypotenuse equals the sum of squares of the other two sides.
The Pythagorean theorem states that in a right triangle: a² + b² = c², where c is the hypotenuse (the longest side, opposite the right angle) and a and b are the other two sides.
A right triangle has legs of 3 and 4. Hypotenuse = √(3² + 4²) = √(9 + 16) = √25 = 5.
A number expressed as a fraction of 100, used to describe proportions and rates of change.
A measure of the spread or dispersion of a data set from its mean (average).
Three measures of central tendency used to describe the center of a data set.
Area measures the surface inside a shape (in square units); perimeter measures the distance around it.
A number representing a part of a whole, written as a numerator over a denominator.
The inverse of exponentiation — the logarithm of a number tells you the exponent needed to produce that number from a given base.