A measure of how likely an event is to occur, expressed as a number between 0 (impossible) and 1 (certain).
Probability quantifies uncertainty. P(Event) = Number of favorable outcomes / Total possible outcomes.
Permutations (order matters): nPr = n! / (n−r)!
Combinations (order doesn't matter): nCr = n! / [r!(n−r)!]
A number expressed as a fraction of 100, used to describe proportions and rates of change.
A measure of the spread or dispersion of a data set from its mean (average).
Three measures of central tendency used to describe the center of a data set.
A fundamental relation in geometry: the square of the hypotenuse equals the sum of squares of the other two sides.
Area measures the surface inside a shape (in square units); perimeter measures the distance around it.
A number representing a part of a whole, written as a numerator over a denominator.