finance

Interest Rate

The percentage charged by a lender for the use of borrowed money, or the percentage earned on deposited funds.

An interest rate is the cost of borrowing money or the reward for saving it, expressed as a percentage of the principal per year.

Types

  • Nominal rate: The stated rate before adjusting for inflation
  • Real rate: Nominal rate minus inflation
  • Effective rate: Accounts for compounding frequency

Who Sets Rates?

The Federal Reserve sets the federal funds rate, which influences all other rates. When the Fed raises rates, borrowing costs increase but savings accounts earn more.

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