An interest rate is the cost of borrowing money or the reward for saving it, expressed as a percentage of the principal per year.
Types
- Nominal rate: The stated rate before adjusting for inflation
- Real rate: Nominal rate minus inflation
- Effective rate: Accounts for compounding frequency
Who Sets Rates?
The Federal Reserve sets the federal funds rate, which influences all other rates. When the Fed raises rates, borrowing costs increase but savings accounts earn more.