The stored energy an object has due to its position or state, such as gravitational potential energy (PE = mgh).
Potential energy (PE) is stored energy that can be converted into kinetic energy. The two most common types are gravitational and elastic.
PE = mgh, where m = mass (kg), g = 9.81 m/s² (gravity), h = height above reference point (m).
PE = ½kx², where k = spring constant (N/m), x = displacement from equilibrium.
In a closed system, total energy (KE + PE) remains constant. A roller coaster at the top has max PE; at the bottom, max KE.
The relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in an electrical circuit: V = I × R.
A unit of energy equal to using 1,000 watts of power for one hour.
A rotational force that causes an object to rotate around an axis, measured in newton-meters or foot-pounds.
A unit of heat energy equal to the amount needed to raise one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit.
A material property that measures how well it conducts heat, expressed in watts per meter-kelvin (W/m·K).
The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one unit mass of a substance by one degree.