A material property that measures how well it conducts heat, expressed in watts per meter-kelvin (W/m·K).
Thermal conductivity (k) describes how efficiently heat flows through a material. High k = good conductor; low k = good insulator.
q = −k × A × (dT/dx), where q = heat transfer rate, A = cross-section area, dT/dx = temperature gradient.
The relationship between voltage, current, and resistance in an electrical circuit: V = I × R.
A unit of energy equal to using 1,000 watts of power for one hour.
A rotational force that causes an object to rotate around an axis, measured in newton-meters or foot-pounds.
A unit of heat energy equal to the amount needed to raise one pound of water by one degree Fahrenheit.
The amount of heat energy required to raise the temperature of one unit mass of a substance by one degree.
Stress is the internal force per unit area in a material; strain is the resulting deformation (change in shape or size).