Torque is the rotational equivalent of linear force. It describes how much a force causes an object to rotate.
Formula
τ = F × d × sin(θ)
Where τ = torque, F = force applied, d = distance from the axis (lever arm), θ = angle between force and lever arm.
Units
- SI: Newton-meters (N·m)
- Imperial: Foot-pounds (ft·lbs)
Real-World Applications
Torque is used when tightening bolts (torque wrenches), measuring engine performance, and designing mechanical systems. Engine torque determines acceleration capability.